Pii: S0959-3780(98)00011-9
نویسنده
چکیده
Since the late 1980s, scientists and policy makers have devoted considerable attention and resources to the issue of global climate change. Domestic and international policies in response focus primarily on prevention of future climate impacts on society through the mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions. Academic and political attention is also largely focused on issues of mitigation. Adaptation refers to adjustments in individual, group, and institutional behavior in order to reduce society’s vulnerabilities to climate, and thus reduce its impacts. In 1996, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) wrote that adaptation offers a ‘very powerful option’ for responding to climate change and ought to be viewed as a ‘complement’ to mitigation efforts. Yet, the IPCC also wrote that ‘little attention has been paid to any possible tradeoff between both types of options’. This paper discusses the limitations of mitigation responses and the need for adaptation to occupy a larger role in climate policy. 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
منابع مشابه
Pii: S0959-8049(98)00429-8
Department of Surgery; Department of Clinical Oncology; Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden; Department of Surgery, De Weezenlanden Hospital; Department of Surgery, St. Sophia Hospital, Zwolle; Department of Oncology, St. Laurentius Hospital, Roermond; Department of Surgery, St. Gregorius Hospital, Brunssum; and Department of Pathology, Leiden Unive...
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L. Mariani, B. Salvadori, E. Marubini, A.R. Conti, D. Rovini, F. Cusumano, T. Rosolin, S. Andreola, R. Zucali, F. Rilke and U. Veronesi Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (INT), Biometry, Via Venezian 1, I-20133 Milan; INT, Surgical Oncology C; Universita degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Milan; INT, Pathology; INT, Radiotherapy A; European In...
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In this paper, adaptive tracking control is considered for a class of general nonlinear systems using multilayer neural networks (MNNs). Firstly, the existence of an ideal implicit feedback linearization control (IFLC) is established based on implicit function theory. Then, MNNs are introduced to reconstruct this ideal IFLC to approximately realize feedback linearization. The proposed adaptive ...
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s / Journal of Molecular Structure (Theochem) 463 (1999) 41–43 43 Potential energy surfaces and dynamics of chemical reactions
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